'Government by oligarchy and corruption'. Is this a fair description Essay

Government by oligarchy and corruption. Is this a fair description of administration under Walpole - Essay ExampleAfter the retirement of Lord Townshend, he turned into the only uncontroversial leader of Cabinet. Although Walpole is charges with turning corruption into a public company with a systematic rottenness, it was under his command when the country was able to manage the financial crisis in a systematic way. Walpoles reign go along to 17421.First of all, let us concentrate on the issue of oligarchy and corruption that the political era of Walpole was charged with. Before proceeding further, it is necessary to look at what oligarchy actually refers to. Oligarchy can be described as a government which is governed only by a few. During the mid of seventeenth century, when the parliament won the strife for exponent with monarch, the lawyer-politicians were very much prominent in the political arena of Great Britain. It can and so be said that at the start of eighteenth ce ntury there existed two great power blocks politics and the law, and the evoke thing to be noted was that the cartel straddled both. During eighteenth century, England was being reined by the Whig oligarchs. The interesting feature of the government ran by Whig oligarchs was that they started to use the method of an all-encompassing corruption. To be more specific, the politicians used to subvert their seats and sell their votes in parliament. The Whigs therefore introduced corruption in parliament, and Walpole, being a Whig, followed this tradition and took it forrader to an intense level. Walpoles era of Whig oligarchy ran from 1721 to 1742. It is found that during the last 10 years of his reign, he paid bribes of roughly 50,000 pound to newspaper proprietors. In this context, there is one thing worth mentioning. Although, parliamentary corruption took a very bad shape during the period of Walpole, it would not be right to say that corruption finds its ocellus in this period only. To trace the origin of corruption one needs to look far back. parliamentary corruption

Globalisation - Challenges and Opportunities in China Essay

Globalisation - Challenges and Opportunities in China - Essay ExampleIt is under the frequent wad that the behavior of Chinese market is studied in context with latest confidence grammatical construction measures world taken up by the Chinese government, the trend of external investments, views of the international community and the scourge acquaintance from the cheap Chinese manufacturing sector. Having inspired the marketers, with a vision of billion people consuming international bulls eye in downtown, China is now recognized as a capable global enemy in its own right. And it has ambitious expansion plans - not only for Asia but also for the Europe, United States and elsewhere. Traditionally, the problems of doing telephone line in China, in general, can be categorized into four main categoriesIt is under the prevailing circumstances that the behavior of Chinese market is studied in context with latest confidence building measures being taken up by the Chinese government, the trend of international investments, views of the international community and the threat perception from the cheap Chinese manufacturing sector. Having inspired the marketers, with a vision of billion people consuming international brand in downtown, China is now recognized as a capable global competitor in its own right. And it has ambitious expansion plans - not only for Asia but also for the Europe, United States and elsewhere. Traditionally, the problems of doing business in China, in general, can be categorized into four main categories.

Discussion questions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion questions - Research composition ExampleConsumers desire for attractively designed and portable computer has forced companies to concentrate on the toil of notebooks and laptops. Furthermore, price cuts, extended battery life, integrated wireless networking, and prevalence of home-offices have resulted escalation of laptop sales (Yeung, 2011). Consumers house be categorized as satisfied switchers, dissatisfied switchers, and stayers based on price and payment conditions. dissatisfied switchers are the consumers that give less importance to the price of the computer rather they are obsessed with the expert features and specifications.2) A complete and successful marketing activity implies that appropriate price, appropriate product, appropriate promotional means, as well as services and enterprise products are devoted to a particular market. According to the system of marketing, the following market strategies will be appropriate to handle the target market of Lenovo. C urrently Lenovo puts into term various factors when selecting a market target. Strong brand awareness to cater for city clients who have groundbreaking conception in the information technology. In the laptop market, the consequence of Lenovo brand is comparative advantage, so selecting much(prenominal) market targets can accommodate the requirements of such customers (Pan, 2005).The company should seek to persuade its customers than it offers products that are far superb in comparison to what its competitors are offering. The main benefit that Lenovo stands to gain when products are successfully differentiated include, subsidy prices for its products, above average profits, an elastic demand for its products, and creates a barrier to entry of new competitors to the market.Lenovo sustainable festering is consistent with a correct and unified guiding ideology. It is with an appropriate strategic plan for use and choose of its own attributes with

Managing Operation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 2

Managing Operation - Essay ExampleToyota is a Japanese car manufacturing company and it is angiotensin converting enzyme of the leading companies in the global automobile manufacture, producing well known models such as Corolla, Camry and Lexus. Though a late entrant compared to General Motors and Ford, Toyota had become one strongest player in the automobile industry. In an industry generally considered to be mature in terms of technology, Toyota had continued to set benchmarks for providing value to customers more efficaciously than competitors. Toyota had also redefined the rules of operation management in various areas like increase development, manufacturing suffice, vendor management, customer pleasure and human resource management. The formal establishment of Toyota motor company ltd., took place in 1937 and since then it has travel onto become the leader in the global automobile industry.By March 31 2008, Toyota group virtually sold 8.9 million vehicles in 170 countrie s under the Toyota, Lexus, Daihatsu and Hino brands. Since the automobile industry is now facing a recession, Toyota aims to achieve sustainable growth by building a more flexible and stronger operational process and corporate structure to counter the challenges of the hyper competitive market world over (Annual Report, Toyota, 2008).The key objective of this composition will be to examine and evaluate how Toyota successfully manages key components of its operational management such as meeting customer requirements, improving product quality, effective implementation of projects as well as cost-efficient monitoring and evaluation of completed projects.The essay will utilise the open system organisational theory and how it is manifested in the Toyota Production System (TPS) to guide the operations of the company. Thereafter, the TPS will be utilised to highlight how Toyota manages the procedures associated with new product introduction and old product improvement as well as

A Man Called Horse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A Man Called Horse - Essay ExampleThis paper illustrates that in the movie, A Man Called Horse, produced in 1970, thither is a direct correlation between living the the Statesn lifestyle and living with the Native Americans. The political theory is one which creates divisions and contrasts that are a part of the movie and which develop a different understanding of what it bureau to belong to an outside culture. The concepts of A Man Called Horseis set in the Wild West when America was only beginning to develop and explore the territories that were a part of the country. The movie begins with a man, antic Morgan, who is exhalation to discover the land and which is interested in developing his own area of land in the West. However, on his journeys, he is captured by the Sioux and begins to be treated as one who is trapped in the culture. The transformation which John begins to go by after this comes from watching the culture and how each of the people lives and survive on the land . This is followed by his eventual integration into the culture through gaining warrior status by killing warriors of another tribe, marrying one of the women on the land and going through initiation rights to be a part of the tribe, in which he gains the account horse. The depictions of both cultures are then shown through the overall concept while building a smell of value that is a part of the story. The concept which is used in A Man Called Horse begins with the political orientation of showing the white man and the ways that were known in the Wild West and depicted by the main character, John. This is shown first through showing the character fishing by the water and performing the pass judgment routines that are a part of the concepts used for settlement. This is followed by the viewpoint which is taken after John is captured. The image shows the Native Americans surrounding John and looking foreign and like outsiders. The perspective and the way in which it is seen throu gh Johns eyes create a sense of threat and the belief that John may die.

Businesses Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Businesses Marketing - Essay ExampleMoreover, he claims that, in order to understand how consumers actually make purchasing decisions, three scopes have to be identified, which are who makes the buying decision, the types of buying decisions, and the steps in the buying process.This report will examine the importance of market to organizations in the twenty-first century. It will focus on one company, namely Mercedes Benz, and first of all show what merchandise is. In addition, it will look at how Mercedes Benz uses selling strategies and techniques. Furthermore, it will consider the reasons why merchandising is all-important(a) to this organization, and how it has changed its use of marketing and how it might continue to do so in the future.In order to do this, it will be necessary to use marketing models and examples throughout. Also, a history and definition of modern marketing will be given. Next, the functions of marketing will be explained. A description of the marketing process, with particular ferocity on the development of integrated marketing strategies by organizations will also be covered. ... It was around 1960, when marketing fuse was first introduced. The concept of the marketing mix primarily revolves around marketings four Ps, which include price, product, bureau and promotion (Grnroos, 1994). From then on, this basic marketing mix model extended unchallenged. It even overpowered earlier marketing models Wroe Aldersons native functionalist approach as well as the system-oriented approaches and parameters theory advocated by Copenhagen school in Europe. Similarly, previous approaches standardized the commodity, functional geography-related regional and institutional schools, have long been forgotten. For a long time, the use of marketing mix has been concentrated on the simple business to client market.For over forty years, the management paradigm of marketing mix has indeed dominated most thoughts, practice and research of marketing . As time goes, the concept of the marketing mix and the four Ps had become an irrefutable paradigm used in academic research, which in turn results to validity being taken for granted. In most parts of the marketing and academic world, researchers remain to consider the concept as the epitome of marketing truth even up to the present time. sensation way of using the marketing mix in generating greater understanding and communications is through the ecesis of long lasting customer relationships. For years, there has been a growing interest on the study of customer relationship economics. It has been introduced by Heskett et al. (1994) that understanding the concept of market economies means the achievement of understanding the customers rather than counsel on the development of scale economies. One example cited by Reichheld (1993, p. 65) was the result of his study at MBNA, a US credit card

Reflective paper 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflective paper 3 - Assignment ExampleI am not in the favor of premarital sex because I uphold old values and customs. just if a couple trusts to have a sexual union like relationship before the actual man and wife then it is up to them. However, I am totally against sleeping around and the derogatory term of cursory sex. If there is a bond that exists between the couple then it is more than acceptable than star night stands and hooking up under the influence of alcohol. I would tell him that it is better to be near than sorry. Couples get carried away in the heat of things, and they regret it later. I would tell my boy he is spring up enough to make his decisions in life. He is knocking at adulthood. I cannot be his supervisor anymore. simply it would make me glad if he abstains from sleeping around. It will make me even happier if he upholds the sanctity of marriage and relationships.Such topics atomic number 18 always careful with girls. Parents are more concerned and protective of them. Men are physically stronger and can take advantage of a vulnerable girl. Parents have this inborn protective replete(predicate) to protect their daughters from sexual predators. Naturally, a conversation about premarital sex will be more serious with my daughter. I would tell almost the same things to my daughter as I would tell my news on this topic. But there will be more concern and emotion in my voice. I would try to get her perspective first. I would tell her about the honor and value of the marital bond. I might seem old fashioned, but these customs do give an acceptable structure to the society. If such values are disregarded then the whole family system can collapse. People would only equalise each other to satisfy their lust. Marriage would become meaningless and an old forgotten custom. For this reason, I would want to get her take on this subject first. The way my 15-year-old can make her decisions, so can my daughter. I cannot be around her all he r life, nor do I want to. Ultimately she has to

Communication Process in the workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

communion Process in the workplace - Essay ExampleIn order to effectively deal with the managerial challenges that face their firms, managers emulates effective confabulation that is as headspring as essential in creation of a strong flori tillage for example in aspects dealing with ethics (Laurie, 1989). AC 1.2 The communication roll starts from the deputeer. This is the person who provides the first communicate that is coded in nature. For the sender to effectively send his or her message, he or she essential select an detach medium or channel of communication. Through the medium, the message is directed to the receiver who then decodes the message in order to understand it. The receiver then sends a feedback to the sender, an indication that the receiver has understood the message. The communication cycle starts once more. AC 1.3 In their efforts to enhance communication in the work place, managers are faced with confused barriers that affect their communication process . One of the major barriers to communication is omission of information by the sender. In sequel the sender omits a certain point during the communication it may affect all stages in the communication cycle making it difficult for the receiver to understand it. The second barrier is communication overload. ... AC 1.4 Thus, thither is need to adopt various strategies to overcome the potential barriers to communication. For example, to overcome the barrier incurred due to use of contradicting signs, sender must use direct simple language that easily decoded by the receiver. Additionally, senders must emulate the culture of use of face-to-face communication that is known to be direct and easily understandable by the receivers (Laurie, 1989). Similarly, senders must reinforce their words with actions especially when communicating to large audience. Section 2 Understanding the methods of communication AC 2.1 One of the major methods of written communication is email. This entails use of internet sites such as Gmail and yahoo to send messages to the receivers. For effective communication through email, the sender and the receiver must have email addresses. Similarly, they should have an nark to a computer with an internet connection. Emails are used to inform the applicants for example on the results of the interview. It can also be used by departmental managers to inform the employees on the date and venue of a meeting. another(prenominal) example of a written communication is magazines. This entails writing a message on a tract with the intention of informing the public or the consumers about the brands available in the market as well their prices and distribution centres. A good example of a method of oral communication is face to face. In a workplace, oral communication is used during the interviewing of new employees as well as during the training of the living workers. AC 2.2 One of the main advantages of written methods of

Downfall of Oedipus and Medea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Downfall of Oedipus and Medea - Essay warningHowever, like all other tragedies this play also focuses on the downfall of Oedipus and interestingly enlightens the readers about baron struggle between God and Man. Edith Hall also says, Oedipus can only fulfill his exceptional god-ordained urgency because Oedipus is a preeminently capable and intelligent hu earthly concern being (xvi). Although the ending of the play reiterates the event that world is a puppet in the hands of fate and Gods. 2.1. Oedipus and his Intelligence The episode of Oedipuss confrontation with the Sphinx is a testimony against his super intelligent brain. As Oedipus himself says, When the Sphinx, that singing bitch, was here Her riddle was not something the first man to stroll along could solvea prophet was required. But then I came, Oedipus, who knew nothing. Yet I finished her off, using my wits rather than relying on birds (Sophocles lines 469-478). From this point onwards the readers observe that Oedipus starts considering himself super humanityity and the readers start realizing that he is forgetting his status of a mere mortal. The Priest also tries to remind him of his status of a human being by saying, you are not divine so confine within your human limitations (Sophocles 54). In contrast to Oedipuss intelligence, Sophocles presents the readers with Teiresias who be make waters like a man of wisdom yet he fears Gods and knows his typeset although he also attained his level of wisdom after losing his physical sight. Hence, regardless of Oedipuss all over intelligence Teiresias realizes that he is the most ignorant of men. Teiresias voices his opinion by saying, How dreadful it can be to have wisdom when it brings no benefit (Sophocles 374-376). 2.2. Oedipus and his Pride Oedipus because of his intelligence begins to consider himself invincible, which can be equated to his arrogance or pride. This invincibility can be interpreted from his dialogues with Teiresias where he repe atedly asserts his higher intellect as he also says at one point, Mock my excellence, but you will find out I am truly great (Sophocles 534-535). Sophocles strategically places Teiresiass character in order to remind Oedipus of his follies though to no avail as he bluntly says to Oedipus, That quality of yours now ruins you (Sophocles 536). That quality which Teiresias refers to can be sensed as both a reference to his over intelligence as well as his arrogance. 2.3. Oedipus and wad Although it is observed that all the action that takes place in the play occurs according to the prophecies. Yet the readers cannot ignore the fact that the idea of fate or prophecy is an abstract idea. This conclusion can be drawn fro Teiresiass comment that, Yet events will still unfold, for all my silence. It is not your fate to fall because of me (Sophocles 407-409). Teiresias here all the way declares that fate or prophecy has nothing to do with the Oedipuss approaching suffering but it is Apollo is the literal cause of Oedipuss suffering and pain. 2.4. Oedipus and Apollo The relation between the mortal and the God can be categorize as an apt explication of power struggle. Oedipus says, When a man has no fear of doing the act, he

Medication Management Review Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Medication Management Review Questions - Essay ExampleSchedule 7 drugs gain high to extremely high toxicity require special precautions in their manufacture, handling, or use they in any case require special regulations restricting their availability, possession or use.Also known as, a central declination or CVC is long, soft, thin, hollow tube that is placed into a large vein. A central line is oft like an intravenous catheter that is placed in a small vein in an arm, except that a central line is longer and is placed in a large vein leading to the soreness in the neck, upper chest, leg, or arm. Bonnie Fahy, RN, MN, Marianna Sockrider, MD, DrPHDefining Addiction, Physical And Psychological Dependence To Drugs, Alcohol And different Related Addictions. Drug Rehabilitation .The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia UniversityWasting the Best and the Brightest Substance Abuse at Americas Colleges and Universities, March 2007. Myers, David G. Psychology. 9th Ed.Beilin Y, Arnold I, Telfeyan C, Bernstein HH, Hossain S (2000). Quality of Analgesia When Air versus Saline Is Used For Identification of the Epidural Space in the Parturient. Reg Anesth botheration Med 25

The Relationship between Employee Commitment and Employee Engagement, Assignment

The Relationship between Employee Commitment and Employee Engagement, Employee blessedness - Assignment ExampleIt also can be referred as creating a healthy lead milieu for the employees in order to motivate them. It will help the employees to connect with their sour and job responsibilities (Storey, Wright and Ulrich, 2009, p.300). On the new(prenominal) hand, commitment can be defined as willingness to persevere in a course of wavering and action to change plans. The employees devote their energy and time to fulfil their job responsibility as rise up as their personal, community, family and spiritual obligations. Employees, who are attached to their agreements and highly engaged in their job, offer up effective rivalrous advantages to the organizations in terms of higher output. Uncommitted employees do not bother about workplace murder and outputs. On the other hand, the committed employees tend to provide their total effort to fulfil their personal charge goals and j ob responsibility. Engagement of an employee cannot possible without effective commitment towards the organization and seer hard work. Leaders or the managers of an organization play a vital role in employee engagement. It is important for a manager to provide value to the needs or satisfaction level of an employee in order to retrain employee commitment and employee engagement. further a motivated employee can perform efficaciously in an organization. ... It will help an organization to carry out success (Mannelly, 2009, p.161). Committed employees are more engaged to their job and organization comparing to the uncommitted employees. Employee engagement, employer practices, work performance and course results are highly related to each other. It is the responsibility of the employers to motivate their employees to perform efficiently. telling performance appraisal, incentive systems, passage growth opportunities are the motivation and performance drivers for an employee in an organization. These aspects made an employee committed to their job. Committed employees provide their best performance in order to capitalize on the potential career opportunities. Therefore, it can be stated that, effective employee engagement can help an organization to increase its business productivity. Effective performance appraisal system increases the commitment level of an employee. It is evident that the global workplace behavior is changing dramatically (Albrecht, 2010, p.67). Now-a-days, the customers are trying to achieve value added and high quality products and services. Therefore, the global organizations are trying to motivate their workforce in order to meet with the demand of the customers. The uncommitted employees cannot perform effectively due to lack of workplace motivation. As the skilled and motivated employees are the biggest assets of an organization, therefore it is responsibility of the organization to take care of their needs. Therefore, it can be co ncluded that committed employees are more engaged with their work and responsibilities than the uncommitted employees. Is it correct to say that Committed Employees are more satisfied than

Informational interview Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Informational interview - Assignment ExampleAccordingly, there is someone I make out who is doing just that. Bryan Koszoru is a 3D artist at Sony Computer Entertainment and an instructor of zbrush details and 3D environment modeling at Otis College of Art and Design. I chose him because of the teaching profession mainly, and then because of his other work or activities outside the college. I love the idea of acting as a take place to individuals interested in art, and helping them tap into their creativity. This is probably why I see teaching as a very noble profession. Teaching is an art in itself, and to teach art makes it double art. I knew Bryan from the ii classes I had under him. The interview was very casual, yet insightful. He was like a teach seek to give tips to his protege. The interview provided me with more ammunition non plainly in my desire to teach, further in my whole personal and professional art life sentence. It is dandy because I know there provide co me a time when I will look back and remember some of Bryans statements and advices, and devour an easier time with certain situations due to what I learned from him in this interview. II. On Bryan Koszoru The interview with Bryan Koszoru was light and entertaining. I asked a couple of questions regarding his work history so that I will be able to pick out an idea of how he started as an artist. It is interesting to note that his first job ever was because of a passport from a fellow student. This made me look back at the networking events I went to and decided that they might authentically prove to be significant in the very near future. Bryans training had mainly been in advertising, since he is into 3D ever since. He admits to have felt the usual boredom and frustration from his job then, not because he does not like what he is doing, but perhaps because he has not attained the take of mastery that he wants for himself then. He says that what prepared him for the job and made him succeed is his perseverance. He claims to just move pushing on no matter what and despite the ennui he felt. He states that it is not genius that helps him in his line of work, but character. He says that aside from perseverance, there is also curiosity. He is always trying to find a better or faster way do do things. He says that those two characteristics are very much needed in his work right now. Yet, he knows that character entirely wont do the job. That is why he also industrial plant on keeping his art talents and skills current. He practices, not only his hands, but also his other senses. He watches movies a lot, plays games a lot, and maintains that art is like life for him since he tries to incorporate art in anything he does. Thats what keeps him practicing all the time --- sometimes even unconsciously. He further states that it takes a long time to make great work no matter how good a person is, so patience and perseverance should always be there. For him, a typic al solar day is mostly about art and working. He says he goes to work, and either make assets or work on back end engine improvements for the studio. What he likes most about his job is the people he works with. He mentions that working around smart and motivated, and possibly creative, people is one of the best things about his job. The only downside perhaps is that it is still a job and he just cant run off and do whatever he wants anytime he wants. When asked what he can recommend to someone who wants to pursue a career in this path, he mentioned mastery at one thing. He emphasized picking a

Arc petition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Arc petition - Essay ExampleHowever, I could not withdraw the class at the set time by the administration because the first inquiry that I had with the optician was promising as he assured me that my potentiometer would improve. The result gave me a dope of hopes, and I did not see the need of withdrawing instead I embarked on my studies. Moreover, at the beginning of the semester, my sight was not as poor as it is right now because carry out an experiment and be generate proper inferences.Before putting my petition, I have extensively discussed my problem with my faculty members and they have promised to founder me both the moral and financial support. Furthermore, they have accepted that should my sight improve and I come binding to school, they will offer me the classes that I have missed. With the promise of the financial support that I have in the background, I promise that if you let me off the semester and I get the proper medication, I will come back immediately to cont inue with my studies. I will buy the glasses so as assistance my performance in class and I will always be informing the committee members without winning any chance should there be any problem.United States. (1986). FCC record A comprehensive compiling of decisions, reports, public notices, and other documents of the Federal Communications Commission of the United States. Washington, D.C. Federal Communications

An essay about one of the subject listed, please read

An about one of the subject listed, entertain read - Essay ExampleThe growing clamor for U. S. intervention cites the massacre of unarmed civilians, including women and children. The Assad regime is drop to new levels of authoritarian brutality, with its use of helicopter gunships and arbitrary arrests. But it is to be kept in principal that when aerial bombing is ruled out, because of the risk of high civilian casualties, what remains is the prospect of American boots on the ground. With the unresolved quagmire of Iraq and Afghanistan looming in the background, the c only for U.S. action is premature to say the least.Using a pragmatic frame of reference, we must admit that, unlike Libya, Syria is not rich in natural resources. The only excuse for America to send its troops into the midst of an escalating civil war is the humanitarian obligation. From the World Wars to the Balkans, Americans have do their share in sacrificing their lives for the cause of world democracy and jus tice. America consistently shoulders the major burden of all NATO commitments. It is time that other countries accept responsibility in ensuring peace. President Obama is correct in his stand to let the U.N. explore various other options in

Lakewood WA Police Department Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Lakewood WA natural law division - Essay ExampleIt successfully communicates with people from different backgrounds and also provides vital information, advice, and any time constabulary assistance. Unlike the other police forces, Lakewood Police Department is unique for its objectives and functions. Lakewood police force is specially make for the enforcement of civil and criminal laws, holding the position of court compliance office and community service office, sensual control, juvenile code enforcement etc.As per the ordinance No. 00471, the Police Department operates under the deputation of Citys Chief Law Enforcement Officer, the Chief of Police, subject to the supervision of the City Manager. The Chief of the Police is appointed by the City Manager in harmony with the law and policies of city of Lakewood. In accordance with the relevant laws all other subordinates shall be appointed by the Chief (Ordinance No. 00471.City Council meeting proceeding of March 17 2008). Accor ding to the regulation in Lakewood police, there are five office assistants, both evidence custodians, hotshot crime analyst, one fleet manager, one evidence supervisor, one administrative assistant, one administrative supervisor and one administrative lieutenant all of whom contribute to the daily workings of the section (Administrative social unit). However the strength of the whole department has increased in the twenty-first century Lakewoods 21st century department has 131 staff members, 105 commissioned, 12.5 community service officers, 2 animal control officers and 13.5 civilian support staff (About the Department).The Department is divided in to several divisions for its smooth functioning. Among them Criminal Investigation social unit is one of the outstanding wings which includes looting Assault Unit, Special Assault Unit, Special Operations Unit and The School Resource Officer Program.Crime against persons like murder, robbery, kidnapping and missing cases come under the Robbery/Assault unit. The Special Assault

Enhanced Oil Recovery Essay Example for Free

Enhanced Oil Rec overy EssayOil and Gas refers to the naturally occurring silver-tongued and natural hired gun specifically made up of long chain hydro ampere-seconds and various organic compounds institute beneath the surface of the earth in entrapments called generators the presence of rock cover colour and brag in these reservoirs is the reason creation survive everyday and carry out their daily activities executionively. Different activities be normally carried out to condition that the oil and mess up present in the reservoirs continue to support humans through their day-to-day activities such activities include exploration, development, product and finally, abandonment and reclamation. This put to work is what is referred to as the oil and gas process. On goal of this process, numerous efforts are made to increase the touchstone of oil that jakes be extracted again from the oil strong and we refer to these efforts as retrieval. There are three main typ es of convalescence, primary convalescence (solution gas, gas cap and natural water drive) secondary recuperation (gas injection and water implosion therapy) and tertiary recovery (enhanced oil recovery EOR, polymer flooding and travel flooding).In this article, analysis on the enhanced oil recovery technology and trends will be emphasized upon. Enhanced oil recovery becomes very vital when oil toil has to be increased to obtain a recovery percentage of at least 75% (Rigzone, 2009). This net only achieved by using any of the 4 basic methods of EOR these methods include chemical flooding, compatible gas displacement, thermal recovery and microbial EOR. Among these four mentioned, Thermal methods are the oldest EOR methods, they reserve a bun in the oven been developed over the last thirty years (Elsevier, 1981).Miscible gas displacement likewise called gas injection by some engineers refers to the process of injecting ampere-secondic acid gas, natural gas and Nitrogen into a reservoir in compatible gas displacement, the gas is injected at or above the minimum miscibility nip (MMP) which causes the gas to be miscible in oil (Bandar, 2007). Chemical flooding also called chemical injection involves injecting chemicals such as a polymer right off into the reservoir to enhance the oil recovery. Thermal recovery introduces heat to the reservoir to reduce the viscosity of the oil. many a(prenominal) times, steam is applied to the reservoir, thinning the oil and enhancing its ability to decrease (Rigzone, 2009). Over 50% of the tertiary recovery method employed by the United States of America is the thermal recovery method. The roughly common gas employed when gas injection is being used is the CO2 ( atomic number 6 dioxide) gas. The two major reasons why carbon dioxide is used are because it is miscible with crude oil and also it is the cheapest of all the other miscible fluids present. degree centigrade dioxide injection into the reservoir base o n previous experiences has shown that a recovery of up to 15% of the oil that was originally in the reservoir is achievable. With the injection of the carbon dioxide gas, changes occur in the reservoir such and temperature and pressure changes. Through the changes in temperature and pressure, carbon dioxide can form a solid, liquid, gas and supercritical fluid (Teledyne, 2007).Further more, when carbon dioxide has been injected into the reservoir, it begins to form a homogeneous mixture with the crude oil thus, the light hydrocarbons, which are present in the crude, mix with the carbon dioxide gas and this dissolves the oil. Upon miscibility of the carbon dioxide gas and the crude, the physical forces separating the liquid mannikin and the gaseous phase gives way and this helps the carbon dioxide gas move the oil from the rocks towards the come up for production. According to the USDOE, a very practiced example of an applied carbon dioxide gas injection technique is theWasson.Fie lds Denver Unit CO2 EOR project which has resultedinmore than 120 million incremental barrelsofoil through 2008 (2010). Moreover, carbon dioxide is not the only gas employed when the gas injection technique is employed. Nitrogen is another gas commonly used for gas injection basically to maintain the reservoir pressure it can also be employed when gas cycling and gas lifting are to be employed. The minimum miscibility pressure of north depends largely on the pressure, temperate and the composition of the reservoir fluid.According to Schlumberger, above the MMP, northward injection is a miscible vaporizing drive. Miscibility of nitrogen can be achieved only with light oils that are at juicy pressures therefore, the miscible method is suitable only in deep reservoirs (2011). Both methods of miscible injection from past experiences have establishd very effective. When oil has been effectively recovered(p) from these reservoirs using the miscible gas, the gas that has mixed with the recovered oil is separated from the oil and re-injected into the reservoir to enhance the oil recovery once again.This process can be repeated until the reservoir is completely depleted and cannot produce any more oil. Note that nitrogen gas injection is used when dealing with reservoir containing light oils and also very economical allowing a recovery of up to 40%. A practical example of nitrogen gas injection is in the Cantarell oil field in Mexico. Upon application of this enhanced oil recovery methods, there was a pronounced increase in the oil production from 1. 9 million bpd to 2. 1 million bpd. build 1 Typical illustration of the miscible gas process using CO2 and water (University of Kansas, 1999)Chemical flooding can also be referred to as chemical injection and is the process whereby chemicals and polymers are injected into a reservoir to increase its recovery factor. EOR methods involving the use of polymers usually yield a recovery range of 6% to 30%. When these chemi cals are injected into the reservoir, the oil that is trapped there is released thus it can fly the coop freely into the production wells. Furthermore, polymers help increase the effectiveness of water-floods and boost the efficiency of surfactants (Duncan, Ferguson, Sudip and Neptune, 2011).The use of polymers in chemical injection move on helps to enhance the competence of the surfactants and also the efficiency of the water flooding to be precise, water soluble polymers are best used for this process. The polymer that is regularly utilised during the process is the partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and with development in technology, the quality has ameliorate over time. In order to achieve the best results from the chemical injection process, there are accredited characteristics that need to be in place.These characteristics include high remaining oil saturation, low water-flood residual saturation, high permeability and porosity, high polymer concentration and slug size, fresh water and soft water and reservoir temperatures of slight than 220F (Gary, 2007). Favourable characteristics are not limited to these that have just been mentioned but if these characteristics are present, then the expect recovery from the reservoir in question would be satisfactory as up to 30% recovery is achievable.Moreover, economics have shown that chemical flooding is not profitable when the price of the surfactants is compared with that of the price of oil it usually cost a lot to obtain the surfactants needed to recover oil from reservoirs and in some cases, the chemicals which are injected into the reservoir are more expensive than the oil which they extract from that reservoir. Chemical flooding can prove to be very pricy and at the same time provide the engineers with the needed results.Thermal recovery is usually applied to reservoirs with depths lesser than 3000ft. These reservoirs usually contain very viscous oil. There are four main types of thermal flooding t hat can be applied to any reservoir they include Fig 3 The steam injection process (The Piping Guide, 2009) 1. Cyclic stem injection Popularly cognize as the huff and puff technique, it differs from all other types of thermal flooding in that it uses a rally well to carry out every function from the injection of steam to the extraction of oil.The technique is quite a straightforward, steam is pumped into the well and the well is covered up for some time so that the steam can enamour to the reservoir rocks and upon arrival, the steam enhances the oil flow. To improve the oil flow further, this process can be repeated over again which leads to a new process called steam drive. 2. go drive In this process, steam is re-injected into the reservoir constantly. Moreover, this process cannot be as effective as requisite if the reservoir rocks have fractures.If there were fractures, the steam would simply head straight through those into the producing wells kind of of working its way through the reservoir rock (Anon. , 2008). After the steam is injected, underlying heat is organize and this eventually aids the oil to flow with ease. 3. Thermally assisted gas-oil gravity drainage this process is best suited for highly fractured reservoirs. In this process, the steam is injected directly into these fractures to reduce the viscosity of the oil and allow it flow easily.According to the petroleum development Oman, the steam just needs to get the oil flowing more easily. This then allows gravity to take effect, causing the oil to drain down into the fractures and then into horizontal producing wells that are situated towards the bottom of the reservoir (2008). 4. In-situ combustion In this process, a reasonable quantity of the oil in the reservoir is actually set on fire to act as a steam and gas generator. According to the petroleum development Oman its the trickiest of the four main thermal EOR methods to get right.It is generally only used in a reservoir that has high permeability (i. e. fluids can flow easily through the reservoir rock) and even then only as a last safety (2008). Some of the oil might be lost during burning but more can be recovered as a result of the steam that has been pay backd that drives the oil towards the producing well. MICROBIAL ENHANCED OIL convalescence (MEOR) Microbial enhanced oil recovery also known as microbial flooding refers to the process whereby microorganisms are injected into the reservoir to increase oil production from a well.The process of MEOR is a biological based technology in which these microorganisms react with the reservoir fluids in order to mobilize the oil and move it towards the production wells. Usually, MEOR is used in the third stage of EOR after 12% to 20% of the oil in the well has already been recovered. The characteristics of the reservoir in which the MEOR process is being applied will greatly have an effect on its success. There are two types of MEOR, those in which the microor ganisms react with reservoir fluids to generate surfactants and those that react with microorganisms to generate polymers (Ronald, 2001).MEOR is an economical way of increasing oil production and as genetic technology keeps improving, it would become the most attractive and cheapest method of enhanced oil recovery as the improvement lowers the cost of oil production. Conclusively, reliable strains of bacteria that exist and are used for the MEOR method sometimes do not survive delinquent to the harsh conditions they encounter in the reservoirs but as mentioned earlier, microbiologists are working on a antithetical strain of bacteria that can survive in the reservoirs irrespective of these harsh conditions.Enhanced oil recovery has an outstanding economic potential to increase oil recovery thereby maximizing profit. EOR also has it disadvantages that have negative effects on the ecosystem. Steam injection causes serious air pollution and also, polymer flooding which move under ch emical injection also leads to contamination of underground water which eventually makes it unfit for consumption. Furthermore, during the EOR process, a substance called brine is produced at the surface of the well this substance is highly toxic and also radioactive. On exposure to humans, it can be very dangerous and highly detrimental.In my opinion, more research on how the chemical injection process can be carried out without affecting the underground water provide and also how the thermal process of steam injection can be done safely without a threat to the atmosphere. Regulations put in place to control the environmental impacts of EOR should be as strict as possible so that eventually, the eco-system is preserved and oil and gas companies can still maximize profit.

Pricing Strategies Essay Example for Free

set Strategies EssayWhen designing a merchandising plan each and every component is of prime importance. The marketing plan basically consists of four components or as we call them, the four Ps. The proceeds, set, packaging and the endow all combined together can make the product successful. They are all interdependent. The Segway is a impudently invention in the market and is the first of its kind product. Products of this sort are priced gamy because it is not retentive before competitors enter the market and take away the profit share for the firm. Pricing is important because it helps line the product in the minds of the consumers it forms an image which helps attract the target market. If the product is overpriced than the target market impart not purchase it and the expected sales level entrust not be achieved, the same will happen if it is underpriced. The main issue with the pricing of Segway was that the product was catering to a different sphere of influence and this sector could not afford to spend so much on the piece of transportation.The price at $4500 was considered to high for a product such as this (PistonHeads. com, n. d). One of the reasons for the failure of Segway in the early years was the price that the company was charging. Customers did not see why the product was priced so high and the utility that they would gain prohibited of it. The market that the product was catering to is the people who walk to work they either do it to get the make out or dont take away money to spend on taxi fare.For those who want to exercise, buying the Segway would be useless as the whole point of exercise would be lost and for the others, the product was too expensive a buy. Also, initially when the product was launched, the market for such a technological product was at its initial stages. The concept did not exist and people did not get used to idea. Today when assail prices are rising, people would consider this option of transportati on.The sales in recent times have been increase as people can not afford to put gas in their cars. From this we can cogitate one thing and that is, when purchasing an item there are many external factors that influence the customers decision. good deal are getting used to the idea of spending this amount as they realize that maintenance of a car would cost them the same amount. (Whiteman, 2008) The marketing strategy that I would have adopted would have been different, assume that it did not cost much to product the product.I would have priced the product high but not this high initially it would have been around the $3000 margin but after a few months this would have come down and more versions of the same product would have been introduced. Also, the best way to market this product was to let the target market demonstrate it and like every other vehicle, take it for a turn out drive. Once people use it they would realize the ease of use that the Segway would give them. This i s an invention and the customers dont realize its need until or unless they have I in their lives, just like the microwave oven or the cell phone.

The Homestead Act Essay Example for Free

The settle Act EssayTo my understanding, and from what I have read in the book and throughout the course links, I believe that the intent of the Homestead Act was to defeat land monopoly. Many farmers, however, lacked the economic means to hunt down west and manage a farm. . By this, fewer still unders in like mannerd the new type of agriculture, in which technology was used to farm the land that the Great Plains required. Instead, speculators and corporate interests were able to reap in profits, and pseudo and corruption, and often marked the process farmland for transportation (the railroads). The Homestead Acts biggest weakness however, was not taking into beak conditions on the frontier. I also think that the eastern framers did not consider that some of their land was too large for irrigated farming and too small for dry farming. The role of the private capital in the American West was towards the rich. The poor individuals did not have any control of most of the land e ven if they were the freshman occupants. The rich people were also in control of the railroad system, in which the well to do family had the only say so.Farmers finally received a break, with the railroads. Under the Pacific Railroad Act, land grants do possible the speedy construction of the Union Pacific, Central Pacific, Northern Pacific, Santa Fe, and Southern Pacific railroads. They were Lead by railroad promoters to believe in a bountiful West harvest, in which mass amounts of European immigrants were caught up in the movement West. I think that the railroads provided exactly what the Homestead Acts did not credit terms, good tint advertisement, larger land tracts, special passenger rates, and farming support for future Western settlers.There were a lot of motivated businessmen of the Great Northern Railway, who planned and directed the settlement of thousands of settlers along opposite lines. One thing that I believed that helped the settlers was the fact that lands sold by the railroads also hastened settlement because they provided the cheapest and most favourable way of getting farmers produce to the markets. By this, I believe that the United States government played a major role in developing the railroad system and then came in to assist the earthly concern when the private companies were mistreating the general public for a profit.According to the Links in unit 10, and according to what I have read in thebook, it seems as if the railroad system was a project that was difficult to accomplish. From the beginning, and as seen within the union pacific site, the lenders that worked on the railroads were not well hard-boiled at all. Many of them were treated like animals with no self-worthiness. These workers were hardly paid money and the small amount of money they received was not enough for them to take care of their families.From time to time, some workers organized rallies and strikes to make sure that their voices were heard. The transfo rmative power of the railroads in the American West, in my view, can relate to the tern talismanic wands. At that time, the settlers did not have any agency of transportation other than their animals, and the railroad system seemed to be the magical instrument. I think the railroad did work miracles for the people at that time because it gave them a chance to travel and market their goods elsewhere.

Role of Women Essay Example for Free

Role of Wo manpower EssayIn this essay I leave alone investigate what the role status was of women in Britain in the late 1940s 50s.I al show duration examine the lives of women in Britain before World War II, during the war, instantly after and in the power point of 1950s to analyse if the roles and status of women altered during these percentage points in what manner and why. Overall I would conclude by evaluating if womens independency increased or whether it remained limited by the stay 1950s. Before the World War II the roles of women in Britain was to be Housewifes and mothers they had to encounter care of the family and the house, this was tradition and they had to follow it if any women who wouldnt do this was seen as extraordinary.During this flow in that location was a lot prejudice and discrimination towards women still in the same society men were seen as the to a greater extent powerful gender. The men give wayed and brought the money the women didnt so t heir status was seen as low there job was to looking after the future of the nation the children.During the war there were critical changes in the roles and status of women, the government need the women to keep the country running and besides helping the war perspiration by taking jobs in artillery factories, ammunition production, wardens etc. The women were works in jobs which were once seen as still for men due to their physical strength however in this period women demonstrated that they could take such jobs on.Although women started to work and had new roles they did however fulfil their prior roles as Housewifes mothers taking on more than one role which they didnt have an opportunity to do before the war.The status of women throughout this period increased due to them the country was still running and they were helping the war effort dearly, however they werent still seen as tinct to men in status and were considered as second to men. The women were just substitutes for work until the men would return from war.In this period some women werent shown existity due to not receiving equal pay as men, when women school teachers asked for equal pay as men teachers, Churchill dismissed their demands with one word, impertinence. These women werent successful however some women at a Rolls Royce factory went on strike for a week for equal pay and eventually got it, this shows some women at this period were victorious in getting equal pay but not all women got equal pay.Instantly after the war men were demobilized and move back home from the war this impacted women extremely since the independence they had during the war would no longer exist. The women were instructed to go back home and fulfil their previous roles which they had before the war and the men would return to the jobs.Many women however better suited some jobs than men but werent kept after the war only because they were women they were told that their priories should be at home. This can be seen when a deputy newspaper editor was told she was dismissed, Oh its aught wrong with your work, but we have to safeguard the succession and the successor had to be a man. The status of women during this period was shown as higher since the women had a very important duty which was to look after the nation by bringing up the children.In the period of 1950s some women wanted to carry on working work but were allowed part time jobs which could be easily dismissed, many women were told that they should look after the homes working wasnt there roles such women who wanted to work were seen as unusual by the society of Britain. In the advertisement published by the government which said Your after-the-ware dream is coming true. Now yours will be the responsibility of looking after the nations health clarifies the point.The Beveridge report recommended a welfare give in for the nation which was introduced by the government this benefited women economically, politically and socially th is meant women no longer needed to depend on the men. The welfare state launched the National heath services which promised to provide health care for everybody this was the first time women were covered in health, furthermore it paid family allowance directly to the women this gave women more independence and money of there own which they could use on their desire.The affluence increased in the 1950s due to the welfare state, this changed the lives of the women since they could obtain labour salvage appliances which gave them more time and independence from the home they no longer needed to go through a whole exhausting day washing the cloths.To conclude, I belive that women gained more independence in the period of the 1950s exceeding from just being house wifes and mothers. The Beverigde report and the welfare fill transformed womens life giving them importance and care, furthermore the increased affluence also provided women with labour saving appliances and increase in inde pendence. Although these changes had been made they did not completely change womens independence it was still limited in various ways one of the ways was women were only allowed part time jobs. The roles of women in theses period was to be housewifes and mothers though economical, social and political changes brought increase in independence however, it can also be seen as not equal to men and limited.

The Effect of the Internet on Music Essay Example for Free

The substance of the Internet on medication EssayThere has been such(prenominal) ink spilled over the supposed finish of the practice of medicine assiduity. While this worry may be a bit premature, the most pressing frugal issue facing the medicinal drug perseverance today is the s down(p) but steady push toward a complete restructuring of itself. Downloadable music, in the form of mp3s, has revolutionized the way we think ab proscribed and consume music. With the increased prominence of separate gauges, file-sharing websites, and innovative artists who argon creating their own methods for evacuant picture albums, the traditional record business is becoming increasingly irrelevant. In stinting terms, this has so far meant declining record sales among the major(ip) sets, a recent spate of firings, and the vent of big artists, who be moving either to project march onrs resembling LiveNation, single-handed labels, or their own transcription studios. Over the pas t year, artists from Radiohead to Coldplay to Trent Reznor arrive at released songs and entire albums for free over the internet. They have almost univers eithery been a success, although some less well-known artists, as well as various industry insiders, have argued against this creation a workable model.Michael Laskow, CEO of an independent AR company, TAXI, argued that Radiohead allowing consumers to pay what they choose for a digital album is not indicative of the prospective of the music industry While the band, its fans and artists a bid are celebrating what looks like a success for Radioheads bold move in releasing their overbold album using the pay what youd like model, I think everybody has overlooked one very important aspect of this, and it doesnt bode well for the future of the music industry. Radiohead has been bankrolled by their former label for the last 15 age.Theyve built a fan shew in the millions with their label, and now theyre able to cash in on that fan b ase with none of the income or hit going to the label this cartridge clutch pedaler around. The question is how will new artists be able to example this model in the future if they havent built a fan base in the millions in the years leading up to the release of their album under the pay what youd like model (Lipsman)? The worry that new artists wont be able to give their music away for free (disregarding the 40% or so of people who voluntarily paid from one to twenty dollars for the album), is a valid one.However, Laskow seems to view major labels as the further answer to new artists looking for an audience and a way to make a living with their music. On the contrary, the rising prominence of independent labels over the past several years has turn out that it doesnt take millions of dollars to create an album and promote it. Labels like Kill Rock Stars, Bloodshot Records, and round Records have all seen their remuneration rise over the past few years, at the same time tha t major labels have seen their sales dip or stagnate.Cameron Strang, founder of New West Records, contingents out the economic advantages in not having the huge overhead of major labels. Thats the difference between us and them. Artists on our label who sell 200,000 copies make a very good living (Margolis). Artists like Aimee Mann and Michelle Shocked are releasing albums on their own. (Dare I even mention Ani Difranco? ) Clearly, independent labels as well as individual artists are capable of doing the work that major record labels have been doing for years.With the advent of webcasting and podcasting, along with XM and Sirius radio networks, traditional radio doesnt have the same oppose on the music buying publics inclination that it once did. Increasingly, new artists are detect by getting their songs played on television shows like The Hills and Greys Anatomy. The music industry is attempting to do to webcasting what it did to Napster, which is to essentially strangle it t hrough integritysuits in the hopes of macrocosm able to squeeze money out of the webcasters.Instead of viewing web-based radio as a odd promotional opportunity, the mainstream music industry yet sees profits being taken out of its pocket. At the same time, artists, like the ones discussed above, are realizing which way the cut is blowing. Digital Music News publisher Paul Resnikoff notes that A growing number of superstars are or soon will be grazing in post-major pastures. And for them, the larger basket touring, merchandising, publishing, relevance, and even album sales remains more important than a paid download, saved or otherwise (Resnikoff).These additional streams of revenue are oft the more lucrative for musicians than album sales. It wholly makes sense that artists would look at digital music, including webcasting and file-sharing, as ways to gain fans that will purchase concert tickets and merchandise. File-sharing gallops almost unabated, although the popular ity of iTunes despite much of its music being DRM-protected has provided a model for money-making in the digital era. notwithstanding iTunes and growing copyright protection on albums and songs, paid downloads account for, at most, five percent of all music downloads.Even ringtones, which are currently a substantial slice of the digital revenue pie, arent act a profit. Labels are considering raising worths, but it is unknown whether customers will pay for them, or that a single line of revenue will pull record labels through financially. Warner Music Group and EMI have had massive layoffs over the past year in an trial to restructure and shore up the companies financially. lower limit Advertised Pricing, or routine, is the setting of minimum prices by manufacturers for retailers.In the case of the music industry, the major labels colluded in the mid-1990s to require discount retailers to advertise exalteder prices or give up joint market storageing, which could mean giving u p millions of dollars (Menn 152). The history of MAP, at least in the music industry, appeared to end on family line 30, 2002, when the five major labels settled a lawsuit brought by 30 states in an effort to end the practice (Menn 152). In 2000, the Federal Trade Commission investigated price-fixing by major labels and the majors sign a consent decree getting rid of minimum- advertize set policies (Christman, Pricing).The FTC has estimated the woo to consumers in the years when MAP was practiced to be at half a billion dollars (Menn 152). For nearly the past 100 years, since the exit of the Sherman Act, authorisation pricing restraints were deemed to violate antitrust laws. It wasnt until the summer of 2007, when the Supreme Court overturned the law against setting mandatory minimum pricing in a case brought by an accessories manufacturer, that the practice was do legal (Christman, Why Labels).This has potentially enormous ramifications for the music industry and music fans alike it remains to be seen whether those ramifications will be for the benefit of music fans or to their detriment. The music industry has argued that requiring discounters to sell CDs at the same price as specialty stores will lead to greater selection and a halt to the eject that independent record stores have experienced (Christman, Why Labels). At the same time, music fans have bemoaned the high price of CDs for years, and raising prices unilaterally could drive down music sales even further.The major label system, which requires millions of dollars in overhead to promote certain artists, is at least partly to blame for the rising prices. At Salon. com Scott Rosenberg argues that Even more than the artists, the victims of this system are music fans who end up paying exorbitant prices for CDs to fund bloated recording-company marketing budgets. That money gets spent manufacturing a handful of superstars, leaving serious music lovers to fend for themselves in ferreting out unus ual new music that the business considers too niche-y to be worth promoting (para. 6).In this view, the pricing system set by the majors is inherently unfair to both fans and the majority of artists who arent superstars. instead than setting minimum pricing restraints for discount stores, major labels could lower wholesale prices to ensure that independent record stores could stay in business. This would largely be to the labels benefit over the last five years, their reliance on big-name stars to sell huge amounts of records has been a losing proposition. Titles from unknown artists and back catalogs are often nowhere to be seen at discount stores.The personal service and deep selection at independent stores creates an opportunity to sell these types of titles. The $9. 99 price point set by discount stores and iTunes has surely contributed to declining album sales, but the burden of maintaining that price point has been shouldered almost entirely by independent music retailers, wh ile the major labels continue to raise list prices (Christman, Why Labels). Majors are contributing to declining sales while preserving their own profit margins. Mike Dreese, quoted in billboard, also points a finger at discount stores that lure customers in with low CD pricesWal-Mart, Target and outdo Buy have succeeded in almost destroying the specialty-music account base and are now setting the rules for the industry. If minimum pricing were implemented, it would keep the discounters from finishing the job. Those discounters, which have limited selection, have much(prenominal) dominance that labels now spend more money on supporting low retail prices and much less advertising the availability of the product (Christman, Why Labels). The tide of public opinion seems to be turning toward the use of minimum pricing restraints.When price-fixing in the music industry was first being investigated, still-new stores like Best Buy maintained a relatively deep catalog of music, knowing th at it was competing directly with independent music stores. Now that discounters have succeeded in putting many small stores out of business, their catalog consists largely of the Billboard Top 100. What seemed revolutionary in 2000 music priced at a reasonable amount over cost has had unforeseen consequences. The prominence of discount stores in the music industry has contributed to the lack of choice and variety so unappealing to music fans.Wal-mart has surpassed Apple to croak the number one music retailer in this country. The driveway down of CD price points to $9. 99 has been salutary for customers, but may have longer-lasting effects by eliminating space for new artists and broad selection. Furthermore, even the $9. 99 price point has been artificially constructed by discounters hoping to charm customers and labels hoping to propel all-important first week sales (Deutsch).Noting the possible risks of this new low price point in Billboard, Ed Christman points out that Afte r all, at $9.99 the U. S. music industry currently has the lowest CD pricing at retail since the format was introduced here in 1983. It is unclear whether imposing minimum advertised pricing at this point would even make a difference in terms of independent music stores. Many have already closed, and those that have stayed open have diversified or move to a location free of big box discounters. The music industry may impose mandatory minimum pricing again, but low CD price points and the decreasing number of brick and mortar music stores will likely continue unabated.The internet has changed the distribution of music in ways we are only just beginning to imagine. The old models for promotion, distribution, and sales arent working in the age of the mp3. Clearly, continuing to hold on to past business models and attempting to fit new trends and technology into it has not worked out well for the major labels. A fear of competition and new technology accounts for the manner in which the industry attempted to plug with Napster. Afraid of lost profits, music industry executives from the top five record labels chose to batten down the hatches and enlist away any possibility of negotiation with Napster.According to Joseph Menn, the author of All the Rave the Rise and boil down of Shawn Mannings Napster, this is partially due to a generational divide within the individual labels. Top-level executives are often old-school leaders who turn purple with rage at the very idea of an MP3 (Menn 153), while younger up-and-comers byword the possibilities of this new technology. With the advent of webcasting and podcasting, along with XM and Sirius radio networks, traditional radio doesnt have the same hold on the music buying publics imagination that it once did.Increasingly, new artists are discovered by getting their songs played on television shows like The Hills and Greys Anatomy. The music industry is attempting to do to webcasting what it did to Napster, which is t o essentially strangle it through lawsuits in the hopes of being able to squeeze money out of the webcasters. Instead of viewing web-based radio as a unique promotional opportunity, the mainstream music industry only sees profits being taken out of its pocket. At the same time artists are realizing which way the wind is blowing.Touring, merchandising, and publishing remain large chunks of income for both individual artists and music labels. The traditional record industry has become increasingly outdated and unable to keep pace with the digitized, connected world of the 21st century. Music downloading is enormously popular around the world, but particularly in places as diverse as Ghana and Brazil, where pauperization is widespread and cheap mp3s have spread like wildfire. Maintaining the expensive overhead of a bloated recording industry through high price points for CDs means that music is only available to a certain associate of consumer.Peer-to-peer file sharing has made musi c more widely available, and helped raise the profile of independent and unsigned bands. Clearly these benefits have to be taken into account while also denouncing outright piracy as clearly illegal. It is up to the music industry to come up with easy to use, innovative ways to stop the changes mp3s have made to their business, with successful ventures like iTunes leading the way. The specter of music piracy and lost profits have led the music industry into a premature grave, when they should be welcoming the opportunity to promote music in new ways and to new communities.WORKS CITEDChristman, Ed. Pricing Perils for Record Labels. Billboard 26 May 2007. Lexis-Nexis. 15 May 2008 http//www. lexisnexis. com. Christman, Ed. Why Labels Should Set Minimum Price Restraints. Billboard 1 September 2007. Lexis-Nexis. 15 May 2008 http//www. lexisnexis. com. Deutsch, Claudia. Suit Settled Over Pricing of Music CDs at Three Music Chains. New York Times NYtimes. com. 1 October 2002. 11 May 20 08 http//query. nytimes. com/gst/ fullpage. html? res=9C05E5D91238F932A35753C1A9649C8B63.

Stylolites - Greek Essay Example for Free

Stylolites Greek EssayStylolites be irregular discontinuity or non structural fractures which be found in limest cardinal plus other sedimentary swings. Stylolites bugger off from compaction and printing press solution during the process of diageneration and it might be blown up by later(prenominal) groundwater flow. Stylolites n proterozoic of the clip comes into view as uneven discontinuities in the outcrops along with hand samples and they are frequently lined up with clays which are quite impossible to solve, opaque and dim organic matter.The phrase stylolite originated powerful from the Greek for pillar, stylo (Paul 19). A stylolite is non a structural fracture even though they have been describe as a structure of anti crack whereby both sides are moving together rather of moving apart. Proof exists in the structure of fossiliferous limestones in which the fossils crosscut by a stylolite and it is utter that only one of the half still exists. The other half has already been dissolved away.Stylolites in one way or the other might be an alpha geologic feature which affects the reservoir theatrical role and most probably the reservoir management in a good number of carbonate reservoirs. Emaciated, discontinuous paved zones which are connected with stylolites take place in the commodious, soaring porosity dolomites of the Upper Smackover at Jay/LEC Field and they are in reality the source of horizontal baffles to perpendicular flow suspected ever since the azoic days of production in combination with the corroboration by bounteous field reservoir carrying out studies.It is important for the thin, perpendicular flow baffles to match historical water flood arrivals in both full field plus a little bailiwick simulation modeling that led to the wide facing pages re-examination of the core and recognition of these formerly undetected cemented zones connected with stylolites. Field wide conventional coring provides an outstanding foot ing database for describing the physical nature, circulation of stylolites and the most related cements.In the ontong Java Plateau chalk sediments mechanical compaction really causes a porosity decline from let us say 70% to 50% in the topmost 600 m. mudstones together with wackestones they tend to have same porosity for the reason that the wall cavity of the microfossils add up in the same way to pore-space and to the solid phase. The original pore filling cementation might be integ yardd to the occurrence of the primary stylolites at approximately 830 m together with a decrease in massive sediment. Temperature is in the region of 20%C and valuable burial dialect 6 MPa (Paris 79).Stylolites might hit in primary diffuse green bands which are enriched in smectite chlorite, most probably those of volcanic origin. The bands are replaced approximately below 490 m by supplementary distinct flaser structures that are enriched in smectite. The commencement of pressure dissolution cons equently corresponds to an interval of diminishing mechanical compaction. Below 790 m the chalk consists of biogenic opal-A, besides the opal-CT increasingly it takes over 790 m and most probably below 1130 m quartz becomes the only silica phase.This process coincides with the cementation frontage, beneath which depth pore-filling calcite cementation makes porosity to go down. Silica-Ca complexes in the pore water might not become stable when the high temperature and age cause quartz to turn out to be the most established silica phase. The pore filing cementation tends to load microfossils completely with the intention that textual differences are at the move over clearly visible on the porosity log.The stylolite bears a chalk of the Gorm field, the Central North Sea, porosity is 20%-40%, lower than OJP chalk however it is higher than OJP limestone. The variation is reflecting cementation of microfossils while the matrix porosity is comparable to the OJP chalk. The variation betwe en OJP and it is not possible to explain Gorm field chalk alone by the early introduction of hydrocarbons, which does not exactly give an explanation of the cementation of microfossils.Nevertheless, another cause might be the exuberant pressure in the chalk of the Central North Sea whereby the percentage amongst the temperature and effective burial stress far above the ground. Silica most probably has the equilibrated to quartz before stylolites exhibited so that calcite cementation was not held back end at all by the silica diagenesis (Bradbury 197). Stylolites were observed during the Hampovica-6 wholesome and they have been shaped in a stress field which tends to act homogeneously in excess of a long period of time without reactivating older, exist fracture systems.Alongside the strike, they tend to cut off all the planes of different discontinuities, bedding together with fractures from the axial plane. Through the aforementioned statement, it shows that the stylolites were created after the final architectonic configuration of the structure which was presently in the well. That is to say, the two sets of dissimilar deformations point towards the two events of the similar compression that is confined to a small area in the part of limestone of the aforementioned well only.The reality is that in the other rock samples which are examined from this well they originate from more shallow and deeper parts than this interval, neither the stylolitization nor the significant structural deformations have been clearly observed. urbane thoughtfulness is given to the interior structure of the stone. They have written very few about the exploit of stylolites, a most important parameter, as a way which is used to choose an appropriate stone, to approximate its outcome on applications plus their performance thereafter, not to talk about using stylolites as a analytic tool already during prospecting for stone deposits.This disrespect resulted in defaults more especi ally within limestone slabs and strips with pre-existing discontinuities into the stone just similar to stylolites. Very similar it applies to installation defaults for instance the proper attachment and legal community of slabs breaking for the duration of processing, installation, or even after placing. In point of fact, litigations and complaints within the stone welkin concern floor coverings which contains problematic stylolites associated with cutting with-the bed, tripping, slipping and tentative accidents.In some sense the fabrication can be held responsible for this state of affairs, from the lack of geotechnical awareness to stylolites during mining and prospection at the quarries. Attention interpreted to possible defaults gives the quarry owner or stone supplier knowledge with a good sagaciousness of the deposit and eventually it ensures satisfaction to customers (Bradbury 213). As a matter of fact, stylolites are mainly found in so many rock types together with sand stones, to slighter extent igneous rocks plus other deposits metamorphosed to a phase of degrees.On the other hand, limestones and dolomites are used in building and construction which forms the major group modify by the presence of stylolites more especially the stones that are having higher pure calcareous content. The stylolitic limestones are important in ornamental and decorative uses, marketed as marble. At present the nation is using stylolitic limestone for business purposes. They are used for making ornaments. The behaviors of stone materials are traced to conditions throughout the origin of the rock and to the tectonic appearance of the rock mass.The quarry investigations and laboratory capacity have then to be associated with the limestone applications in building frontages or pavements. even up though the general mechanical properties might be accepted, the very natural properties which are foot printed during genesis or those that are caused by the historical tectoni c discontinuities might at times let peck down during or after the stone application. The earliest examination of the stone material for possible disorders actually prevents default.It needs the understanding of the stylolites, a structural examination of the quarry beds to search for discontinuities, to prevent excessive tectonic stylolites to smoothen the progress of commercial block extraction. It applies to figuring out cutting direction to decrease the stratigraphic stylolites rate (Dean 117). Conclusion Inconclusive negotiations about the origin and the formation of stylolites have always been and they are still acquittance on for more than a century at present.It does not sound academic but an elongated literature is readily available on stylolites whereby petite attempt has been made in which data is use to the dimension stone industry. Apart from the significance of stylolites for descriptive purposes, the compulsory petrograhic examination standards, vertical and stylol ites might be used to show the quality of the stone, when the subject to dynamic loading is on floors or pavements.Finally, at present people notice the presence of stylolites in areas subjected to tectonic actions and observed facts must be accepted as fundamentally right. Works Cited Bradbury, H. Fluid flow in the crust an example from a Pyrenean thrust ramp. American Journal of Science (288)1988, 197-235. Dean, S. Structural chronology.West Virginia southeastern printers, 1988. Paris, B. Stylolites Their Nature and Origin Their Nature and Origin. India Indiana University, 1921. Paul, D. Microdynamics Simulation. gallium Springer Publishers, 2008.

Community and Social Benefits Essay Example for Free

Community and loving Benefits EssayThe investigation of the reasons by which volunteers involve themselves on specific organizations, and actually stay for a trust period of time, or leave groups which they became a part of is the theme of this article. The researcher wanted to provide an history that will cover the queries on volunteerism including its effects on the lives of the volunteers, importance in our current society, and the overall squeeze of these activities in the modern Ameri tin can lives (Strigas, 2006).The general hypothesis of the study is depicted on the title which states that volunteers are offering their free time to specific associations because they believe that such activities will render community and genial benefits. The testable and more specific hypothesis, on the other hand, states that volunteers for sport and recreation activities provide their services based on five major motivational factors which include the following social functions fo r leisure, material, egoistic, purposive factors, and external influences (Strigas, 2006).In a more formal presentation, the null hypothesis of the study can be presented as ? 1 ? 2 = 0 where ? 1 comprise the motivational factors of the volunteer that are based on individualized ineluctably and interests while ? 2 accounts for the factors that are influenced by social and personal development (Experiment Resources, 2010). In like manner, it can be said that the null hypothesis of the study represents the idea that no relationship exists between personal and societal-based reasons for volunteering.A thorough analysis of the article will reveal that the null hypothesis was actually rejected as shown by the enumeration of evidences that link personal interests of the volunteers and their desire to help the society as just about of the factors on why they join various organizations. Furthermore, it was shown that volunteers join organizations because they want to gain self-fulfillme nt or because they want to win favors from others.The importance of rejecting the null hypothesis (Trochim, 2006) and believing in the original notion that volunteerism is influenced by both(prenominal) personal and societal reasons in sound out to allow the cohesion of community and society provides framework on the encouragement of volunteerism empowerment in our society today. Consequently, the study emphasizes the importance of testing the hypothesis in order to confirm or disprove the observations of the researcher.Reference Experiment Resources. (2010). The Null hypothesis. Retrieved 03 June 2010, from. http//www. experiment-resources. com Strigas, A. (2006). Research update making the around of volunteers a study shows volunteers are giving their time in exchange for community and social benefits. place and Recreation. Trochim, W. (2006). Hypotheses. Retrieved 03 June 2010, from http//www. socialresearchmethods. net

Developed countries Essay Example for Free

Developed countries stressOne of their impositions is the much-touted phenomenon of globalisation. This is literally being stuffed down the third world throat which is already everyplace-choked with Western sleaze. Everybody knows that it is a Western ploy for self-promotion, yet the brazen attitude of the West to package it as an exclusive favourable reception for the teeming millions of the developing world is strange. There was a time when people disguised even a blessing which in fact need no disguise they have at least or so spot of decency in them. But now even a curse is being strutted as a virtue. But the facts call out different shots. The whole plan is a Western conspiracy against the developing world and capability prove the last nail in its coffin. Jan Nederveen Pieterse (2004) is of the view that While global stinting integration has grown over the past decades, global inequality has increased. In a clear falling out with the pattern over previous decades, glo bal inequality has increased sharply since the 1980s. There is now poor doubt that globalization of the world is inevitable.Because of the magical innovations set in by technology distances are dissolving like aspirin in a bowl of water, communication is becoming instant as the act involuntarily of human eye and decisions are being taken in split seconds across the musket ball. In usual term, it is this shrinking of time and space that can be defined as globalization. Sooner or later, the globe must be a teeny-weeny easily accessible place. More suspect is the haste with which globalization is being bulldozed into the third world.It took the Europeans more than half a century to arrive at a clean consensus for creating a European Union and yet they allow only a handful of nations to join it. The economically stable European countries do not allow the cash-strapped countries to join them unless and until they upscale their living standards. This requirement is meant to vouch that when the barriers of immigration, trade, capital flow out and other stumbling blocks are lifted, there are no mass confusions which might threaten established society and living standards of the rich nations.If they are cautious about a positive area like Europe, how come they are not disquieted about what will happen when barriers are dismantled between bizarre countries like Somalia and centers of serenity like Australia? The rich countries are not worried because their brand of globalization is a dystopia unlike the European Union. The only barriers they wish to snap through the earth Trade Organization are those which have been raised by the third world for the cushioning of their persistence and trade from the more advanced and developed countries.There is not even a small advert to the barriers erected by rich countries to pre-empt migration. On the contrary stringent laws are being imposed to ensure that the tea cozy life style of their societies is not disrupted by immigrants from the cash-clipped countries. The West is obviously very selective and its veneering of egalitarianism is only a smoke screen to hide its more sinister intentions. For example, it will neer capitulate to the demolition of certain barriers, even though hell should bar the way.These are the barriers for the guide of technology, easy access to capital, equal opportunity, partnerships and a host of other barriers whose retention gives the West an edge over the East. It is no denying the fact that globalization is very helpful for the developed countries. It will definitely reduced the spatial relation of poor countries to that of suppliers of unprocessed materials while the developed countries will chuckle at them and will use this raw material to fill the stomachs of their always hungry industries..The capitalist free traders are now not in need to compete with the communists and so they have stopped showing a friendly face. Their greed knows no bounds. They looked for countries which had fought hard to gain independence next thing they want of them is to give up that precious independence, to do away with their borders, to allow the capitalists free access to do what they like to the economies of these poverty-stricken countries.This term is given the touch on of free challenger by the capitalists of the developed world. As they merge and acquire each other, they become atrocious giants against whom the small businesses in the poor and developing countries will not be able to compete. Now, what is the meaning of competition if you cannot win at all in the end? A few of these big giants will ascendancy the economy of the whole world. And it is a sad thing that they are not above cheating and corruption.

Climate Change - Essay Essay Example for Free

Climate Change Essay EssayIn the present-day society, the human race is advancing at a staggering rate. However, at the meantime, the environment has been polluting with the high-tech. The or so obvious is climate warming. Therefore, we should nurture the environment at once. In my opinion, the causes of the climate change atomic number 18 multiple.Firstly, slightlywhat people nurse not the realized the environment which has been polluted, so they have not the awareness to protect the environment, and even damage the environment. And some of people realized it, but they have no ability to march on some contribution for the environment. And another people who have the ability to protect the environment, but it will have some conflict for their benefit. Hence, the government should cultivate the sense of protecting the environment to citizens.Secondly, some large industries are not control the emissions which led to the climate warning. So the authorizes must scrutinize th e industries and encourage them to protect the environment. On the other hand, the government ought to draw more laws to punishment the industries which destroy the environment.Overall, the government is a very central role to arrest the climate warming.Today, China is advancing at a staggering rate in some of areas. For example, politics, economic, and culture.In politics, we have a good relationship with the whole world. The mind of peaceful from our land has been accepted by the whole world. Our country is the one of security council members.In economic, we have many trades with some developed country, for example, America. It led to our economic developing very fast.In culture, culture is very important for a country, we have a long historyabout 5000 years. So our country is an unlack of country. We are very high-flown of this.Well, the causesare multip.For example, in our country, you know, we have many many people who need to meet resources. You know the resources is limite d, and then resources and population are the important factor for developing countries.Furthermore, some resources have not been fully utilized, because of the technology. So most of resources have been wasted. For example, Japan recycle some of resources from China, and rework them, Japan have gotten many wampum from Chinese resources. So I think the technology is an important factor as well.In the end, educational activity is very very important factor. You know the education depend on the countrys future. However, in China, the university rankings

Observations of an Apple Essay Example for Free

Observations of an Apple EssayThe assignment was to observe a harvest-festival or vegetable for at least an hour. I thought it was crazy and pointless but not so ridiculous that I would not do it and earn a bad grade. Before I started, I read Samuel Scudders essay Learning to See where he talks about having to do a similar type of assignment but with a angle. He eventu bothy became engrossed in the fish and so I became determined that I was firing to try to find all I perchance could about my apple in the hour that I had. With this in mind, I chose an apple from my bowl of fruit and prep atomic number 18d for what I thought would be a tedious sixty minutes.I grabbed some motif and a pen, turned on some music, and began the observation process. I started just by writing everything I could see on the outside of the apple. The flake off of the apple had many different shades of red as well as a yellow patch on one side. It was covered in night red stripes that looked like q uick paint strokes from a tiny paintbrush. Little white and yellow dots gave it the appearance of a speckled egg. I then noticed the apples shape as well as the lumps, dents, and scratches on its skin. It was s well-situatedly cold to the touch, as well as smooth and dry. I was tempted to go ahead and cut the apple open but I wanted to make for certain I had written down all the small details that would normally go completely unnoticed. afterwards I was sure I had noted as much as I could about the outside, I sliced the apple in half horizontally to observe the inside. When it is cut horizontally, the little pit where the seeds are kept is in the shape of a star and feels like thin cardboard. There were five seeds, all dark brown and shaped like a raindrop. The flesh was softer on its own without the protection of the skin and almost mushy. When I looked even closer, it seemed that the flesh of the apple was made up of tiny crystals that glistened in the light because of the juice and its cream coloring. The inside was even colder since it was wet. The sweet smell of the apple grew stronger and I finally gave in and took a bite.I wrote about the crunchiness, how crisp it was, how my teeth leftfield their impression in the apple, how the skin ripped when it was bitten, and how aristocratical it was. I decided to check the time at that point and was extremely surprised that I had besides fifteen minutes left to finish up my notes. So I decided to get a little more creative with what I did to the apple. I began dissecting pieces of it, cutting little spots in half, finding the veins and what seemed to be roots of the apple. I even noticed how it stained the paper towel it sat on when I cut it.Soon I realized I had just a few minutes left and so to finish it all off, I decided to see what would happen when the apple, or what was left of it, would do when thrown hard against the pavement. I quickly ran outside and excitedly hurled the apple at the ground. I was pleased to watch it break apart and splatter all over the sidewalk and even into the snow. I walked back inside and was surprised at how excited and enthusiastic I had become by going through this sort of experiment. I did not expect that sort of reaction to come from me especially when my foremost thoughts had been that I would end up hating this assignment and giving up on it.I never would begin believed someone if they had told me that I would one day spend an hour observing an apple, and in the end, find that I had actually enjoyed it.

The Prince by Niccolò Machiavelli | Analysis

The Prince by Niccol Machiavelli Analysis1. Key Termsa. appurtenance phalanx extra troops that are used when de humanitydb. hereditary principality A principality technic in ally d givestairs the expressionr ship of a prince, exactly n whiztheless strongly dominated by the Church.c. fortune The ascertain happening of fortunate or adverse pull downts luckd. hereditary principality A principality rule by a prince whose family has controlled the principality for several generations. Hereditary principalities, according to Machiavelli, are generally easy to rule and maintain.e. liberality The quality or state of being liberal or generous.f. mercenary troops a professional soldier hired to serve in a foreign army. a person primarily concerned with material rewarfared at the expense of ethicsg. sore principality a new territory command by a princeh. virtu the quality of being artistic, beautiful, rare, or otherwise such(prenominal) as to interest a collector of such objects2. Machiavelli wrote The Prince because he cute Lorenzo de Medici to restore Italy. Machiavelli knew a colossal amount about princes, territories, Italy, and ruling a territory, so he thought by writing this apply he could get Lorenzo to restore Italy.3. Machiavelli supported the unification of Italy because he believed that Italy would be much stronger if it was under one rule. Italy was ruled by many different mountain and Machiavelli realized that Italy was being taken over soft by foreign countries. Machiavelli decided to dedicate his political treatise to the Medici for two reasons. First, he was recently arrested and he wanted to gain higher status, and secondly, he wanted the Medici family to read his treatise, enumerate at from it, and because take over all of Italy and rule Italy with strong army support. Machiavelli believed that the church ran most of Italy, so Italy was defenseless. He wanted the Medici family to listen to him and none what he was saying. He sugge sted that the family rule together and unify Italy once and for all.4. wizard recurring musical theme in The Prince is that he moldiness do e realthing he shag to become a better and more mesomorphic ruler. In The Prince, Machiavelli always dialogue about how the prince needs to do e verything in his former to become powerful, even if it means doing acts that may be Machiavellian. He may have to kill higher rulers to get his way, nevertheless he must(prenominal) do this if he wants to remain prince for a long period of fourth dimension. A nonher theme in The Prince is the prince should try and not be hate by his large number, but be feared by his enemies. The prince fuck not be hated by his people, mostly because his people do-nothing take him down if he is not too powerful. He is considered a better and wiser ruler (and more popular) if his people trust him and want him. He should be feared by his enemies because he does not want to have compliances with other territ ories. 5. In chapters 6 and 7, Machiavelli suggests that to rise to power a man should use his own displume (fight in wars and win battles), transmit others to do what he wants them to do, and kill other rivals that may be in the way of his rising power. Machiavelli recommends these vices because the salient rulers, including Moses, Cyrus, Romulus and many more rulers have used these vices and they have worked for them.7. The four types of armies are mercenary troops, auxiliary troops, the princes own troops or all of the armies together. The mercenaries and auxiliaries are useless and dangerous (Machiavelli 52). As Machiavelli states, the mercenary and auxiliary troops are not useful to the prince because they bequeath never be able to remain controllable. Machiavelli also explains that auxiliary troops are not very reliable because if they loose or win, the prince, either way, will not benefit. When a prince has his own troops fighting a war or battle of some sort, the prince would or else have his troops loose than have auxiliary troops loose. If you put all of the armies together, you have a mixed army, which may be the skillful solution to win a war occasionally. The piece of armies is very crucial and important for the prince. If the prince holds a strong army, he will remain in rein for a longer period of time. The prince is relying on the armies to defend his position and his reputation.8. Machiavelli warns the prince against liberality because he will then call for people for gold, but the poor and the people will start to hate the prince, and will think of him as a miser. Machiavelli thinks that it is a bad idea to have that reputation that you charged your people with more money and then the prince would not be liked by any of his citizens.9. According to Machiavelli it is better for a prince to be feared more than loved. Machiavelli believes this because if a prince is loved, he may have good friends, but in the end they will not look out for him, and will abandon him at war, and go against him. So, Machiavelli believes that a prince should be feared, so that he has his own platform, and is not being supported by others. As he says in chapter 17, a wise prince must build his foundation on what is his own and not on what belongs to others he must only contrive to escape hatred, as was said (Machiavelli 73).10. The prince must have both popular and host supports because if the prince is not popular with the citizens of his territory, they will not respect him and they will revolt against him or will go their own ways and be independent, and not follow the rules of the prince. The prince also needs military support because then he will be able to trust his people and be able to send them strike to battle, and neck that he will be safe and will remain his standing as prince, with military support.11. The quote in Chapter 15 that reads, My intention being to write something useful for whoever understands it, it seemed to me more appropriate to heed the effectual truth of the matter rather than its imagined one is very important quote because it changes the way the indorser looks at the book. It gives a new definition for why Machiavelli wrote this saucy. He wants people to read his book, understand it, and learn from it. He also does not want people to think that the truth is like you would imagine, he wants to practice it so that it is real, and different than a regular persons perspective. He wants people to use his book to help them, and does not want people to read his book, and think that reading it was a waste of time. In this chapter, he talks about how a prince should have certain qualities, but he could not have all of them, because it is not possible for a person to be that perfect. He wants people to realize that even princes earth-closet not strive to be everything that youd expect them to be.12. Machiavelli sees the art of government as the most difficult task for a prince becau se he is risking his reputation based on the people he chooses to be his ministers and his advisors. He may look foolish if he chooses the minister who is dull and unprepared for his job. When choosing advisors, he needs to choose the ones that listen to him, and do not talk out of order. So, choosing his ministers and advisors is a strenuous job to do, considering his reputation is on the line.13. Machiavellian, according to thefreedictionary.com, means cleverly deceitful and unscrupulous. So, leaders who are Machiavellian are clever in their ways of getting into higher power, and will do anything, including lie, to have a higher status. So, leaders who do what ever is needed to obtain their goals could be called Machiavellian because the leaders have to be deceitful and unscrupulous because a man may be in the way of obtaining their goals.14. In Brunelleschis Dome, Giangaleazzo Viscounti followed what Machiavelli supported. Machiavelli believed that a prince should be feared and should do everything he must do to become a more powerful ruler. Giangaleazzo killed his uncle (who was also his father-in-law), threatened the Florentines, bribed the emperor and was strongly feared by surrounding territories. Machiavelli would approve the ways of this prince.15. An analogy that can be made to fortune and the Arno is fortune can change and so can the rivers. Depending on the season, the rivers may be relatively stable to travel on, however, at times the rivers become almost impossible to use as a source for traveling. Fortune is something you can not change with force, just like a river. As Machiavelli states, she shows her power where there is no force (Machiavelli 105). Fortune and rivers both change and no one can personally control the way they act.16. The role of fortune in human affairs is major. Fortune is considered, according to Machiavelli, half of a humans actions. Machiavelli states, a prince who relies entirely on Fortune comes to ruin as she changes ( Machiavelli 106). He believes that a prince should rely on fortune, but also rely on the other half of human actions which is freewill. To alter the course of fortune, men can rely more on freewill than on fortune, than fortune will lessen and vice versa.17. One national leader in atomic number 7 Korea, that can be considered Machiavellian, is Kim II strain. Kim II Sung ruled over North Korea for forty-six years. He had two main goals which were take over South Korea and construct North Korea. To accomplish his goal of taking over the South, he had to declare war. After declaring war, Kim II Sung still did not accomplish his task of taking over the South. To accomplish his goal of rebuilding the North, Kim II Sung created a rule in which he had absolute power. He controlled everything that went on in North Korea. In the end, Kim II Sung tries to state that he did not start the war that caused many casualties. Kim II Sung left his people with nothing, and took the wealthiness he e arned and used it for himself, while his people suffered. He was rich and ruled North Korea, while his people were poor and miserable. I would consider this leader to be Machiavellian because he treated his people by being cruel and selfish. He started a war which caused many deaths and sadness all over Korea. Using his sly acts, he ruled North Korea with wealth by his side.18. The Prince still is studied today in history and political science classes because it is basically to plosive consonant people from doing the wrong things that leaders have done before, and instead do something different and succeed. Also, this book describes salient rulers who may be known for their actions and will help people understand history and the past.19. The Prince was an interesting novel to read. I think that Machiavellis ideas definitely will help princes become more powerful and wiser leaders. He is right when he states that Nevertheless, a prince must make himself feared in such a way that if he does not gain love, he does avoid hatred, for to be feared and not to be hated can go very well together, and this will always achieve if he does not touch the goods and the women of his citizens and subjects (Machiavelli 72). Machiavelli is definitely right when he says that a prince should be feared because then the prince will be wiser and will be known for his great power and no one would fight a prince who was so-called, feared. Another interesting statement that Machiavelli believes is that the prince should not be hated by his people. He gives an example of a prince who was loved by his people to prove his point. Messer Annibale Bentivogli, prince of Bolognawas killed by the Canneschi, who conspired against himImmediately aft(prenominal) that murder, the people rose up and killed all the Caneschi. This came about because of the good will that the house of Bentivogli had at that time with the people (Machiavelli 81). As you can see, Machiavelli proves his point by saying that the Bentivoglis people stood up for him, and killed the man who killed him, because the people loved their prince. The people have power to turn against their prince, and the prince would be taken down if the majority of the people disliked him. I agree with Machiavellis ideas because they are the right choices. As I do not know a lot about princes, Machiavelli proved the ways that a prince should go, and I believe that he convince me that his ways were the best.