Catalytic Converters :: science

Catalytic ConvertersIntroductionThere argon millions of cars on the road in the United States, and each one is a parentage of air pollution. Especi everyy in large cities, the join of pollution cars realise everyday is a lot. To solve those problems, many laws have been enacted restricting the amount of pollution that cars can produce. To make their cars as pollution-free as possible, automakers have do many refinements to car engines and force out systems and have developed the catalytic converter. The catalytic converter treats the exhaust before it leaves the car, and removes a lot of the pollution.In this project, we ordain study catalytic converters to find out how they work, and what their effects on our artificial satellite and society are. We predict that catalytic converters can change the amounts of products that result from the importunate of gasoline, and think that these devices do a good job of making cars as pollution-free as possible.How does a catalytic conve rter work?In graze to reduce emissions, modern car engines carefully control the amount of burn down they burn. They try to keep the air-to-fuel ratio very close to the stoichiometric point, when all of the fuel will be burned using all of the type O in the air. For gasoline, the stoichiometric ratio is about 14.71. However, this fuel mixture actually varies from the ideal ratio quite a bit during driving.The main emmissions of a car engine are northward gas, carbon dioxide, and water drying up. northward gas makes up about 78% of the air, and most of this gas besides passes right through the car. Carbon dioxide is one of the products of combusion. The carbon in the fuel bonds with the oxygen in the air to form carbon dioxide. Water vapor is the other product of combusion. The hydrogen in the fuel bonds with the oxygen in the air to form water vapor. However, the combustion process is never perfect, so some smaller amounts of more harmful emissions are also produced in car engi nes. They include carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or volatile organic compounds, and nitrogen oxides. These are the three main regulated emissions, and also the ones that catalytic converters are designed to reduce.Most modern cars are equipped with three-way catalytic converters. Three-way catalytic converters regulate the three harmful emmissions produced from car engines. The converter uses two different types of catalysts, a reduction catalyst and an oxidization catalyst. some(prenominal) types consist of a ceramic structure coated with a coat catalyst.